Frances Anderson

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I almost didn’t include Frances Anderson in Before Gender due to recent writings on her life. Coincidentally, I learned Rax Will published a short article about Frances in Them after I had submitted my final manuscript! Thankfully, her article in Before Gender shines more light on Frances’s early life, struggle with addiction, and subsequent recovery.

I was hesitant to include such an accomplished trans woman athlete, seeing it as potentially feeding into the narrative that trans women have an unfair advantage in sports (this is quite a stretch with pool). Ultimately, I decided it is more important to celebrate trans women winning than push back by underplaying or ignoring Frances’s success. Trans women deserve to celebrate, too.

I could not include this Apr 4, 1928 photo of Frances in Before Gender due to its ambiguous copyright status. The photographer is not named and Getty Images assured me that it was still protected by their ownership (I have my doubts, but don’t want to get sued!).
Dozens of newspapers featured this promotional photo in their articles about Frances’s death.
A typical advertisement for Frances. Most game notices used the term “lady champion” and I love that for her (The News-Palladium, Mar 7, 1918, page 4).
Feminism? The Gazette, Cedar Rapids, Aug 22, 1919)
Frances’s infamous Ripley’s Believe It or Not page.

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